Analysis of the Current Status and Characteristics of Private Education in North Korea

Objectives This study aims to analyze the characteristics of private education in North Korea by examining its current expansion and the factors influencing it within North Korean society. Methods A survey was conducted with 197 North Korean defector students enrolled in middle schools, high schools, and universities to investigate their experiences with private education in North Korea. The survey responses were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Frequency analysis was employed to examine the general aspects of private education in North Korea, including its prevalence, forms, costs, and motivations. Additionally, cross-tabulation analysis was performed to determine whether experiences with private education varied based on individual and household characteristics. Results Of the respondents, 39% reported having participated in private education in North Korea. This finding quantitatively suggests that private education, though limited, has spread considerably within the country. The analysis reveals that experiences with private education vary based on factors such as the family’s political and economic status, school performance, and other forms of cultural capital in North Korea. Conclusions This study finds that while private education in North Korea was previously concentrated on subjects like arts and physical education, it has evolved into a tool for social advancement. There is now a significant disparity in educational experiences based on economic capacity. Additionally, private education is occurring within the public education system, highlighting unique characteristics of private education practices in North Korea.