Investigation of Inflammatory Reduction During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Using a Novel Cytokine Adsorption Column: A Rat Model Study

<b>Background:</b> Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are widely used. Previous methods to reduce inflammation have shown inconsistent results. We developed a cytokine adsorption column using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and investigated its anti-inflammatory effects during ECMO. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (seven rats in each group): SHAM, ECMO, and ECMO with PMMA (PMMA group). Experiments comprised 180 min of cannulation only in the SHAM group and 60 min of ECMO followed by 120 min of observation in the ECMO and PMMA groups. PMMA adsorption was conducted from 30 min after ECMO initiation to completion in the PMMA group. Blood parameters and cytokines were measured during experiments. Lung tissues were collected after the experiment for evaluation of tissue edema. <b>Results:</b> The PMMA group showed significantly lower levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin(IL)-6 compared to the ECMO group at 120 min after completing ECMO. However, there were no significant differences in IL-10 levels between the ECMO group and the PMMA group at the same time points. Lung edema incidence was significantly lower in the PMMA group. <b>Conclusions:</b> The PMMA column effectively suppressed systemic inflammatory reactions during ECMO.