Metabolomic profiling of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

Relevance. Pregnancy in women with carbohydrate metabolism disorders is classified as a high-risk group for early reproductive losses, obstetric complications, and perinatal morbidity, despite undeniable progress in understanding the pathogenesis, timely correction, and prevention of complications in this cohort of women. Aim: To study the metabolomic profile of amino acids in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to identify potential biomarkers for predicting obstetric and perinatal complications. Materials and Methods: The study involved 50 pregnant women in the third trimester: 25 with GDM (GDM group) and 25 without GDM (control group). The concentration of 26 amino acids in a morning urine sample was determined for all participants, with analysis performed on the Agilent 1200 HPLC chromatographic system. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using IBM SPSS v. 26. Results: Three significant metabolites — valine, lysine, and glutamine — were identified. In GDM group, lysine levels were 5.3 times lower, valine 2 times lower, and glutamine 1.61 times lower compared to the control group. These changes may reflect GDM pathogenesis and predict complications. Conclusion: To enhance the effectiveness of diagnosis, individual management of pregnant women, and prevention of complications in women with GDM, it is important to consider the reduction in concentrations of key amino acids such as valine, lysine, and glutamine, which can serve as predictors of carbohydrate metabolism disorders.