Investigating Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Responses in Aqueous Rechargeable Zn/MnO₂ Batteries

The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) was employed to investigate the electrochemical mechanisms governing aqueous rechargeable Zn/ α -MnO 2 batteries. Such batteries hold promise as a grid-scale energy storage solution. Focusing on the role of pH dynamics, the work differentiates “fast” (kinetic) and “slow” (transport-based) processes during charge and discharge cycles. Results highlight the significance of moderating pH changes via zinc hydroxy sulfate precipitation and solvation effects in controlling cell potential and reaction kinetics. By clarifying reaction mechanisms and pH dependencies, the study provides a pathway for advancing the design and efficiency of aqueous Zn/ α -MnO 2 batteries, paving the way for more reliable, scalable, and sustainable energy storage solutions.