Decoding Rhizoctonia spp. in-depth genomic analysis, pathogenic mechanisms, and host interactions

Abstract This review investigates Rhizoctonia species, highlighting their taxonomy, genetic diversity, and pathogenic mechanisms that pose significant challenges to agriculture and horticulture. Rhizoctonia spp. are complex pathogens capable of infecting a wide range of hosts through sophisticated infection strategies and developing resistance to commonly used fungicides, threatening global food security. Key findings reveal the necessity of integrated disease management strategies that combine cultural practices, biological control, chemical applications, and the deployment of resistant cultivars to manage these pathogens effectively. The review also emphasizes the growing impact of climate change on pathogen dynamics and disease prevalence, stressing the need for flexible and innovative management approaches. A multidisciplinary approach, integrating insights from plant pathology, genetics, soil science, and climate science, is essential to address Rhizoctonia -related diseases comprehensively. This strategy not only aims to reduce the immediate impact of Rhizoctonia on crop health and yield but also enhances the long-term sustainability and resilience of agricultural and horticultural systems amid evolving environmental conditions, contributing to global efforts in maintaining food security.