Comparative Analysis of Energy Efficiency: Insulated Concrete Form vs. Wood-Framed Residential Construction

Wood is the most commonly used material for framing single-family houses in the USA, yet alternative materials like Insulated Concrete Forms (ICFs) offer potential advantages in energy efficiency and thermal performance. This study evaluates ICFs as a viable alternative by analyzing the energy performance and indoor temperature stability of five single-family houses in Oklahoma, USA, monitored over 12 months. The sample included a total of five single-family houses: two wood-framed houses with blown fiberglass insulation, one wood-framed house with spray foam insulation in the attic, and two houses with ICF exterior walls. Results demonstrated that ICF houses consumed up to 41% less electricity and at least 5% less natural gas compared to wood-framed houses, with improved indoor temperature stability. Occupants also saved approximately USD 270 annually on energy costs, highlighting the advantage of ICF’s efficiency. This study provides empirical evidence of the benefits of ICF construction, which previously relied heavily on simulations or anecdotal claims. However, findings are limited by the specific geographic focus of the study. Future research should expand on these findings by incorporating a wider range of climates and housing designs to better understand the broader applicability of an ICF as an alternative to conventional wood-framed construction.