Impact assessment of cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS): a structured literature review

Abstract In recent years, the number of connected vehicles has been steadily increasing. Vehicles that can exchange information with each other or with infrastructure elements enable services for cooperative manoeuvring and address central problems related to road traffic (e.g., growing traffic volume, sustainability, traffic safety, etc.). The development, standardisation, and implementation activities of Cooperative Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS) services have been advancing in recent years in numerous projects and research efforts. Impact assessment plays a central role in this process, whereby the approaches and methods used can differ significantly. This paper aims to review existing related work and future directions related to C-ITS impact assessment in the form of a structured literature review. Within this scope, it is elaborated which C-ITS services have already been the subject of past studies and under which conditions the respective impact assessment studies have taken place. Furthermore, the methods used in the individual studies as well as the impact categories and KPIs used to quantify the impacts are explained and summarised. Finally, potentials for future research are derived based on the literature analysed. This paper is the first review of its kind to focus specifically on the impact assessment of C-ITS. The results of this paper provide a comprehensive overview of current research efforts in the field of C-ITS impact assessment, provide input for future research directions, and thus contribute to further development in the direction of cooperative connected and automated mobility.