Iran in global trade: Current state of international trade and integration

Aim. The work aimed to analyze Iran’s position in global trade and its role in trade and economic integration. Objectives . The work seeks to analyze the structure of Iran exports and imports, as well as to assess the level of diversification and the degree of technological dependence; to discuss the impact of international sanctions on trade and the economy; to explore the role and prospects of industries in international economic activity of Iran; and to identify the state actions to integrate into regional and global economic associations. Methods . The study employed methods of economic analysis and descriptive statistics. Results . Despite the high level of export diversification, Iranian economy remains vulnerable to external shocks due to the high concentration of commodity flows and dependence on imports of high-tech products. The developed manufacturing industry, including automotive engineering and metallurgical industry, is of key importance in the economy, but faces restrictions due to sanctions and protectionist policies. Iran’s efforts to integrate into international economic unions such as the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) are aimed at reducing isolation. However, the integration process is complicated by political and economic obstacles. Conclusions . Iran has significant economic potential that can be implemented if sanctions are mitigated, the technological base is modernized, and the integration processes are intensified. However, the country’s ongoing isolation from the global community and the slow pace of integration into international economic structures remain key obstacles to sustainable economic development.