Bacteriological Profile, Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infections

Our objective was to know the bacteriological profile of nosocomial infections and determine the risk factors in order to effectively fight against this scourge. Descriptive and retrospective study carried out in our department from April 30 to December 31, 2023, i.e. a period of 8 months. A total of 105 patients operated on for clean surgery were enrolled with a sex ratio of 9.5 ∕1 in favour of male sex. They came from the Sikasso region and the neighbouring countries (RCI and B Faso). Average age: 54.77±21.70 (3-85 years). Antibiotic prophylaxis based on ceftriaxone or Amoxy Clavulanic Acid instituted in all our patients. 15/105 developed a nosocomial infection, i.e. an incidence of 14.28%. The two types of infection are: Surgical site infection SSI, which is the predominant form with a rate of 73.30%, followed by infection associated with urethral catheterization, i.e. 26.66%. Cytobacteriological analysis of the samples made it possible to isolate germs in 13 patients, while they were sterile in the other two. These E Coli and K Pneumonia germs have been shown to be sensitive to imipenem, amikacin and fosfomycin. Length of stay, history of bladder catheterization and classic open surgery were proven risk factors. Nosocomial infection remains a real public health problem. Fighting against this scourge requires the establishment of regular monitoring system and good prevention policy based on strengthening hygiene and aseptic measures, promoting rational prescribing and combating self-medication.