Thermal radiation of accretion disks around a charged Hayward black hole

Abstract This study explores the dynamics of charged Hayward black holes, focusing on the effects of electric charge and the length factor on accretion disk characteristics. Our results show that increasing both parameters reduces the size of the event horizon and innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO) radius, with the electric charge exerting a more pronounced influence. Additionally, the length factor and electric charge can effectively replicate the spin of a Kerr black hole. Both parameters also affect the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the accretion disk, increasing the flux, temperature, and radiative efficiency. The peak radiation occurs in the soft x-ray band, with higher values of electric charge and length factor enhancing disk luminosity and shifting the peak to higher frequencies. These findings can offer valuable insights into the accretion processes around black holes and their observable signatures, particularly in x-ray astronomy.