IMPACT OF PROTECTIVE LAWS ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN URBAN HOUSEHOLDS: A CRITICAL STUDY

Violence against women in urban households is a pressing issue, despite the existence of protective laws designed to safeguard their rights. Laws such as the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, and Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code aim to prevent domestic abuse and provide legal recourse. However, the implementation of these laws faces numerous challenges, including societal pressure, lack of awareness, and legal loopholes. This study critically examines the impact of protective laws on violence against women in urban settings, analysing their effectiveness in ensuring justice and security. While legal provisions exist, their enforcement remains inconsistent, leading to a significant gap between policy and practice. Many women refrain from reporting violence due to economic dependency, fear of retaliation, and social stigma. Moreover, urbanization has introduced new forms of abuse, such as psychological and economic violence, which require a more comprehensive legal framework. Strengthening women’s rights through awareness campaigns, legal literacy, and efficient judicial processes is essential for bridging this gap. This research highlights the importance of proactive law enforcement, legal reforms, and societal intervention in mitigating domestic violence. The study concludes that while protective laws are crucial, their real impact depends on their execution, accessibility, and the responsiveness of the justice system.