Optimizing Electric Vehicle Charging Tariffs: Strategies for Reducing Peak Loads and Enhancing Infrastructure Efficiency

Analysis has been performed of approaches to the tariff regulation of electric vehicle charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in order to restrict overloading power-supply centers belonging to power grid companies. A simulation model of the electric vehicle charging infrastructure has been developed, which makes it possible to simulate the changes in the battery charge level of electric vehicles (EVs) throughout the day, as well as to simulate the behavior of drivers when the EV is charging, taking into account the characteristics of the urban electric vehicle charging infrastructure, time of day, and the locations and workload of electric-charging stations, as well as the tariff for charging electric vehicles. The simulation has been performed with the use of a multiagent simulation method in the environment of an AnyLogic software package. An assessment of the combined loading maximum of the power-supply center and the electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and an assessment of the income level of the owners of electric-charging stations in the case of different tariffs in purchasing electricity for electric-charging stations as well as different approaches to choosing a tariff for charging electric vehicles is performed.