Hybrid energy storage strategy for smoothing wind power fluctuations based on parameter-optimized variational mode decomposition

In order minimize power variations caused by erratic wind energy output, this research proposes a hybrid energy storage system that combines supercapacitors and all-vanadium liquid batteries. The grid-connected and varying wind power is precisely calculated using an adaptive sliding average approach. We used Tuna Swarm Optimization (TSO) to optimize the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) parameters in order to minimize subjectivity in parameter definition. Grid stability is increased by 34% and wind fluctuations are decreased by 40% with the enhanced technology. Furthermore, a fuzzy control mechanism modifies the storage components' state of charge (SOC) between 10–90%. This approach improves the stability of the electricity system, according to empirical data.