Assessment of Demand Response Potential for Commercial Air Conditioning Based on Battery Energy Storage Strategy

With rising global energy demand, air conditioning systems in commercial buildings are crucial for managing peak loads on the power grid. This paper evaluates the potential of these systems in demand response under time-of-use pricing, focusing on a battery energy storage strategy. By developing thermal models for buildings, battery storage, and human comfort, and using model predictive control, the study assesses the performance of battery energy storage systems in reducing electricity costs and enhancing demand response capabilities. Simulation results show that the battery energy storage strategy (BESS) achieved a 220 kW load reduction during demand response periods, with a 100% reduction rate, significantly surpassing the $\mathbf{1 7. 7 \%}$ reduction of the pre-cooling combined with global temperature adjustment (PCGAT) strategy. Additionally, the BESS strategy reduced daily electricity costs by approximately 33.88% and generated an extra 1320 yuan in demand response incentives, all while keeping user dissatisfaction below 5.74%.