Study on the dynamic heat transfer role of vertical greening in building microclimate based on multi-objective coupling

Global warming and continuous urbanization have gradually exacerbated building energy consumption and the urban heat island effect, seriously constraining urban development and residents' quality of life. Based on this, this study focuses on row-type buildings as the research object. It constructs and couples microclimate and air conditioning energy consumption models of the building perimeter using ENVI-met, EnergyPlus, and Fluent software. The study aims to discuss the microclimate impacts of the vertical greening system and systematically analyze the integrated role of vertical greening in the dynamic heat transfer process. The study results show that vertical greening significantly reduces the temperature around the target building. The maximum temperature decreases by 2.65 °C during the daytime, while the minimum temperature slightly increases by 0.95 °C at night. Additionally, the average heat island intensity decreases from 1.15 to 0.3 °C. Meanwhile, vertical greening significantly reduced the air conditioning energy consumption of the target building, decreasing power consumption by 531 W. In addition, due to air conditioning heat transfer, the temperature and wind speed around the target building increased, causing the average heat island intensity to rise from 0.3 to 1.52 °C. The average heat island intensity of the target building increased from 0.3 to 1.52 °C. This study not only reveals the heat transfer mechanism and energy-saving effects of vertical greening under different environmental conditions but also provides a scientific basis for the application of vertical greening technology in the construction field.