Features of indicators of cellular and humoral immunity in athletes

An increase in the intensity of physical activity significantly affects the body's reserve capabilities. Physical activity caused by an increase in the volume of training, the number of competitions, as a rule, are combined with functional disorders of organs and systems, in particular, the immune system. In this regard, the issue of increasing the body's functional reserves, which contribute to increasing the duration or intensity of physical exertion, without exhausting these possibilities to the limit level, is relevant. Therefore, the state of health of athletes and the identification of the structure, causes and features of diseases in them remains one of the priority problems of sports medicine. As a result of the conducted research, we established that significant changes in the system of functioning of the cellular and humoral link of immunity are determined in the examined subjects. A pronounced deficiency of T-lymphocytes and a decrease in their functional activity, and the insufficiency of the suppressive function of T-cells leads to a violation of the mechanisms of regulation of both cellular and humoral reactions of immunity. At the same time, an imbalance was determined in the ratio: the content of immunoglobulins of the main classes with an increase in the content of immunoglobulins M and E and a decrease in the concentration of immunoglobulins G and A. The consequence of this is the loss of tolerance of B-lymphocytes to autoantigens, which determines the possibility of the reaction of B-lymphocytes to their own antigens and increased B-cell immune response in the form of hyperproduction of autoantibodies, which is one of the reasons for the development of autoimmune reactions.