A történelem iránya és értelme Edmund Husserl filozófiájában

Contrary to a certain popular belief, Husserl’s intensive investigation of the problem of historicity goes back before his deeper acquaintance with Heidegger’s Being and Time, and more specifically before the 1930s. This problem was already central in the 1920s. For example, in a manuscript written between 1921 and 1924, in an appendix to the texts of a university course entitled First Philosophy (winter semester 1923/24), he writes that “history is the great fact of Absolute Being”. But his questioning goes back to the middle of the first decade of the 1900s, when he also began to deal more intensively with the phenomenon of intersubjectivity. For Husserl, history has a definite direction; it is directed towards the realization of universal rationality. Husserl connects the question of the direction of history with the question of authentic and inauthentic being, which for him practically corresponds to rational or irrational individual and communal action. Husserl argues that humanity will eventually be forced through various crises to behave rationally in community, so that eventually, albeit through detours, we will arrive, slowly, but surely, at the universally rational human condition.