Economic Operation for Prosumers and Shared Energy Storage Based on Stackelberg Game

With the increasing proportion of renewable energy, shared energy storage(SES) is going to be a significant part in power system. It can alleviate the impact of clean energy generation access to the grid. Aiming at the economic operation optimization problem of SES as an independent individual participating in the power market, a new business model of SES is studied, and an optimization operation strategy for prosumers and SES based on Stackelberg game is established. Among them, the upper-level model is responsible for solving the maximum daily operation value of SES, and the lower-level models are responsible for solving the minimum daily operation cost of prosumers. According to the Karush-Kuhn-Tucher (KKT) condition, the lower-level models are converted into the constraints of the upper-level one, and the Big-M method is used to linearize the nonlinear constraints. A pricing mechanism based on the supply-demand ratio is used by the SES, and the new trading prices between $\operatorname{SES}$ and prosumers are calculated according to the optimization results of the Stackelberg game. The optimal solution of the model can be obtained through continuous iteration. The rationality and effectiveness of constructed model in this paper can be verified by example analysis. It is proved that the proposed SES business model can help energy storage(ES) power stations establish an independent entity in the new power system.