An Algorithm to Develop a Satellite‐Based Atmospheric River Database

Abstract Atmospheric rivers (ARs) feature transient filaments of enhanced moisture transport. Given their significant influence on regional weather extremes and global hydrological cycle, there have been extensive AR studies based on reanalyses or in‐situ measurements. However, reanalyses may misrepresent real‐world ARs, and in‐situ measurements are only available in limited space and time. In this study, we propose an algorithm to reconstruct the observed vertically integrated vapor transport (IVT) field using two satellite‐observed quantities, vertically integrated water vapor and sea surface winds. This algorithm is first validated by atmospheric reanalyses with high correlations of IVT and is then applied to satellite observations for real‐world IVT reconstruction. The developed satellite‐based AR database shows similar large‐scale statistics but with a significantly lower AR frequency in the midlatitudes. This new AR database with high spatial and temporal resolutions will provide a unique observational archive for studying ARs and related rainfall extremes.