Transforming Waste into Opportunity: Tackling Municipal Solid Waste Challenges in Buanbuawuha Sub-City, Dessie, Ethiopia

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is a global problem, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia, where inadequate infrastructure and poor practices exacerbate environmental and public health challenges. In Dessie, Buanbuawuha sub-city, rapid urbanization has strained MSWM systems, causing environmental hazards. A mixed-methods approach gathered data, capturing insights on current MSWM system. Geographic Information System (GIS) mapped the spatial distribution of illegal municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal practices across sub-city areas. Key findings indicate that average MSW generation rate is approximately 0.53 kg/person/day, which would result in 22,470 tons MSW per year in Buanbuawha sub-city. Organic waste constitutes over 40% of the total waste generated, highlighting its significant share in the MSW stream. Notably, more than 80% of the MSW produced in the area has the potential for reuse, either as recyclable material or as a source of energy. Open dumping remains a prevalent issue, with over 78% of households disposing of MSW in ditches and along roadsides. Only about 21% of households have access to formal communal collection services, and even then, 63.2% of them reported irregular collection schedules, just once a week. The lack of adequate MSWM caused the proliferation of 18 illegal and permanent dumping sites throughout the sub-city. This study highlights the urgent need for strategic investments in MSWM. By integrating sustainable practices and promoting resource recovery, Buanbuawuha can transform waste from an environmental threat into an asset, fostering resilience and enhancing public well-being.