Heat Transfer in Unsteady Flow of Third-Grade Fluid Over a Flat Rigid Plate with Porous Medium

This study investigates the heat transfer characteristics of an unsteady flow of a third-grade fluid over a flat rigid plate embedded in a porous medium. The governing equations, including the momentum and energy equations, are derived based on the assumptions of incompressible fluid and negligible body forces. Analytical methods are employed to solve the coupled non-linear equations. The effects of various parameters, such as the porosity of the medium, thermal conductivity, and the non-Newtonian fluid properties, on the velocity, temperature profiles, and skin friction are discussed extensively. The results provide insights into optimizing heat transfer processes in engineering applications, including polymer processing and geothermal systems.