Synthesis of novel ternary herbicide-layered double hydroxide hybrids via the ion exchange method

Abstract The intercalation of organic molecules into Layered Double Hydroxides has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing the functional properties of these materials for various applications. In this study, we report the successful triple intercalation of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), 3,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (3,4D), and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxybutyric acid (TBA) into LDHs using the ion exchange method. The intercalation process was carefully optimized to achieve the simultaneous incorporation of these three distinct organic molecules within the LDH interlayers. Characterization of the intercalated LDH materials was performed using X-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, and Direct Injection Mass Spectrometry to confirm the successful incorporation of MCPA, 3,4D, and TBA, and to determine the percentage loading of these herbicides into the LDH structure. The XRD results demonstrated a significant increase in the interlayer spacing from 8.9 to 29.8 Å, confirming the successful intercalation of the organic molecules. UV–VIS analysis revealed percentage loadings of 57, 40, and 29 % for TBA, 3,4D, and MCPA, respectively. DIMS analysis further supported the successful triple intercalation, with characteristic m / z peaks at 200, 220, and 282 corresponding to MCPA, 3,4D, and TBA, respectively. This triple intercalation strategy offers a novel approach to designing multifunctional LDH materials with potential applications in controlled release systems for herbicides, environmental remediation, and catalysis. The synergistic effects of MCPA, 3,4D, and TBA within the LDH structure contribute to enhanced stability, prolonged release duration, and improved efficacy. This suggests potential applications in controlled-release herbicide formulations, reducing environmental contamination and ensuring targeted weed control.