Evaluation of Cikapundung River Water Quality Based on Upstream, Middle, and Downstream Characteristics: A Comparative Approach

This study evaluates the water quality of the Cikapundung River based on upstream, midstream, and downstream characteristics using a comparative approach. The water quality data include parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and total dissolved solids (TDS). The analysis revealed that DO, BOD, COD, and TSS parameters in certain river segments did not meet the surface water quality standards set forth in Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, Class II. The high pollution levels were mainly attributed to domestic, industrial and other human activities. This study provides important insights into the water quality conditions of the Cikapundung River and their implications for environmental management in the region.