Pediatric epididymal schistosomiasis, challenging diagnosis, and implications

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection that may be difficult to diagnose in non-endemic regions and may manifest with epididymal involvement. Testicular schistosomiasis remains a rare disease. The diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion due to a low degree of specificity when it comes to laboratory tests and imaging studies. Treatment mainstays are anthelminthic medication and excision. We present the first report of epididymal schistosomiasis in a pediatric patient in the United States. Patients require a definitive histologic diagnosis. It is helpful to obtain a thorough history to elucidate exposure to endemic areas as part of assessment and treatment.