CELLS-AREAS OF PROLIFERATIVE PROCESSES IN SCHNEIDERIAN MEMBRANE ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY

Adopting the endomicrosurgical methods for treating diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses into the practice of otolaryngologists, and the methods of dental implantation and sinus lifting into the practice of dentists, has become an incentive for a more in-depth study of the structural organization of the sinus membrane (Schneiderian membrane) and the processes of its post-traumatic regeneration. The Aim of the Study is to investigate the structure of the maxillary sinus membrane and to establish the presence of the cells capable of osteogenic differentiation. Material and Methods: The biological material was obtained from 20 men aged 38 to 56 years who underwent surgery due to iatrogenic sinus perforation and removal of foreign bodies. A general idea of ​​the structure of the sinus membrane was formed based on histological sections stained by using hematoxylin and eosin; cells-areas of proliferative processes were determined immunohistochemically by the markers ki-67 and a-SMA. Results: The membrane of the maxillary sinus is characterized by a layered arrangement of the structures of the mucosa and periosteum, which are in close structural and functional connection. It is in them and the endothelium of the vessels of the lamina propria of the mucosa that cells with proliferative activity are determined. In the lamina propria of the mucosa, a-SMA cells are present. The periosteum is represented by a single bundle of collagen fibers and does not have a pronounced cambial layer, and accordingly has a low regenerative potential. Conclusion: The sources of osteoprogenitor cells may be endothelial and connective tissue cells that express ki-67 and cells expressing a-SMA. Given the functional significance of a-SMA positive cells, it can be assumed that in the sinus membrane they can: regulate cyclic changes in the degree of swelling of the mucosa; play a directional role in the migration of the epithelial layer during sinus pneumatization and participate in the directed differentiation of cells, including osteoprogenitor cells.