Pro-ecological and energy-saving technologies for the use of meadow grasslands of different maturity, taking into account their biological characteristics and the environment

The organisation of green and raw material conveyor systems depends on a variety of factors, such as the biological characteristics of meadow grasses, their early maturity, and environmental conditions.It also includes a set of agrotechnical measures, such as the choice of grass mixtures, selection of land plots and grassland management techniques, mowing, fertilisation and moisture regimes, as well as organisational measures for the creation, maintenance and rational use of sown cenosis.Green and raw material conveyor schemes are created based on cereals, legume-cereals, and mixed seeded and natural meadow grasses.Legume-cereal grass mixtures are the late link in the conveyor, and cereals are the early and mid-season link.When organising different types of conveyors on farms that are well supplied with nitrogen, the ratio between cereals and legume-cereals should be 2:1.And in farms with poor fertiliser supply 1:2.The type of green or raw material conveyor is determined by the purpose of the green mass.It has been proved that in the production of artificially dried grass fodder, nutrient losses are the lowest and amount to only 5-10%.And in the process of harvesting haylage 20-30%, silage 30-35% and in hay from 33-63%.However, the production of artificially dried grass fodder, which is an important concentrated feed for direct feeding of livestock and for use in the production of mixed fodder, requires large amounts of energy.Therefore, it is important to introduce energy-saving and advanced technologies, such as haymaking and haylage production, as well as pasture-based livestock management instead of stall-based.Based on the efficiency of growing fodder crops and the identification of the most competitive experimental options, a model of a raw material conveyor was developed.It is designed for the efficient organization of feed harvesting and providing livestock with high-quality fodder.Our modelling option focuses on the supply of raw materials for feed production using perennial legumes.These perennial legumes were cultivated on sodpodzolic surface-gley soils in the conditions of the Precarpathian region.Subsequently, they were used to make haylage for mono-feeding of 100 heads of cattle.