Fake news and risk management: a systematic literature review

Digitalisation has led to significant technological changes in organisations’ and individuals’ access to information. Through a systematic literature review, this study investigates the impact of digital threats, specifically disinformation and Fake News (FN). The research aims to define FN terminology, highlight vital concepts, and explore their correlations. The study posits that FN constitutes a digital risk and endeavours to align FN concepts with digital risk ones. The review defines various FN approaches and related concepts: Impact, Context, Agent, Verifiability, Medium, Event, Content, Source, and Intention. The study’s implications extend to incorporating FN concepts into digital risk management, information security, and risk frameworks. This exploration underscores FN’s societal risks and emphasises the need for a resilient framework to address the digital risks associated with disinformation. Future research should build upon these findings to develop a comprehensive model for digital risk mitigation concerning disinformation.