Modern Rehabilitation Protocols for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Surgeries

This systematic review addresses the evolution of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rehabilitation approaches, comparing traditional and modern methods. Conventional approaches are based on rigid protocols and predetermined phases, which can limit the individualized recovery of patients. In contrast, modern protocols emphasize functional criteria, allowing for adaptive progression according to each patient’s physiological and biomechanical response. Neuromuscular training has emerged as an essential tool in ACL rehabilitation, contributing to improved proprioception, balance and dynamic stability of the knee. The use of advanced technologies, such as inertial sensors, bi feedback and computerized biomechanical analysis, has allowed for a more precise and efficient approach to monitoring recovery. Another fundamental aspect of modern rehabilitation is the consideration of psychological factors, such as fear of re-injury, which can negatively impact the patient’s confidence and performance. Strategies such as the use of the ACL-RSI scale have been incorporated to assess and strengthen the mental component during recovery. The decision on whether to return to sport should be based on multiple criteria, including muscle strength, symmetry of movement, resistance to fatigue and joint stability. Studies indicate that athletes who return before 9 to 12 months have a significantly higher risk of injury recurrence, highlighting the importance of careful and individualized planning. In conclusion, ACL rehabilitation is constantly evolving, and the adoption of approaches based on functional criteria, psychological support and technological innovation has shown better clinical outcomes and lower recurrence rates. Professional training and greater access to these technologies are essential to optimize results and ensure effective patient recovery.