Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteremia in Onco-Hematology Patients at Moulay Ismail Military Hospital, Meknès

Infection is a major cause of death in oncohematology patients. It is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. The diagnosis of immunocompromised infection is based first on the analysis of anamnestic data (nature of neoplasia, immunosuppressive treatment and its toxicities), clinical and radiological and especially, microbiological analyses. Blood culture remains the routine and reference examination for bacteremia detection. The objective of our study is to establish the bacteriological profile of infections in onco-hematology patients, and to evaluate the rate of resistance of isolated bacteria to antibiotics. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study spread over a period of 5 years (January 2018 - November 2022) in the bacteriology service of the Moulay Ismail military hospital of Meknes. We collected the results of blood culture isolates, carried out in patients hospitalized in the hospital’s onco-hematology department, with identification and antibiogram of each germ isolated according to the standards (EUCAST/SFM). The data was analyzed using Excel version 2016. Of the 252 blood cultures performed, 77 blood cultures were positive with a positivity rate of 31% and the sex ratio (H/F) was 1.77. The most frequently encountered species are Gram negative bacilli (61%) followed by Gram positive cocci (30%). The dominant species were Escherichia coli (26%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14%), Staphylococcus aureus (13%), and Staphylococcus with negative coagulase (7%). In Staphylococci, the resistance rate of Staphylococci to methicillin was 11% for Staphylococcus aureus and 40% for coagulase-negative Staphylococci. None of these strains exhibited resistance to the glycopeptides tested. Enterobacteria showed resistance to Amoxicillin (91%), Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (79%), C3G (29%), quinolones (32%), and aminoglycosides (15%). Our results are analyzed and discussed with data from the national and international literature where similarities have been noted .....