Placental Cord Insertion Distance from the Placental Margin and its Correlation with Maternal and Fetal Outcome: A Descriptive Study

Aim and objective: Approximately 10% of singleton pregnancies have an aberrant placental cord insertion (PCI).Helpful indicator of placental insufficiency has been the distance between the umbilical cord insertion and the placental center.There is a glaring vacuum in India's assessment of PCI severity, risk factor identification, maternal, neonatal outcomes.This study was conducted to investigate the percentage of PCI and to pinpoint the risk. Materials and methods:The present study was a descriptive study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ESICMC & PGIMSR from March 2021 to September 2022 (18 months).It included women 24 weeks period of gestation till 41 weeks of gestation.Results: Among 700 participants, 25.85%, 16.85%, and 57.30% had central, marginal, and paracentral PCI, respectively.The most common PCI was paracentral PCI (57.30%).Statistically significant associations were found in the mode of delivery (p = 0.0001), moderate-to-severe PPH (p = 0.032), neonatal outcomes viz., birthweight < 2.5 kg and 2.5 kg (p = 0.001), APGAR score <7 at 5 min (p = 0.0002), and NICU admission (0.0001) when compared between central and non-central PCI among favorable and unfavorable groups.Para centra PCI was associated with frequent occurrence in women undergoing ART, previous uterine curettage, maternal comorbidities, induction of labor, meconium aspiration in the neonate, and RDS but did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion: Antenatal PCI measurement helps to predict the prognosis for the mother and the newborn.We can foretell the delivery method, moderate-severe PPH, low birth weight, and NICU hospitalization.It gives enough time to obtain blood and blood products and notify the neonatologist of impending adverse newborn occurrences.