Reshaping industry 5.0: Unveiling supply chain resilience for a carbon-neutral future

Industry 5.0 (I5.0) envisions an industry that leverages digital transformation by creating a sustainable, human-centric, and resilient ecosystem for moving toward carbon neutrality. This work aims to explore various challenges to I5.0 adoption for enhancing supply chain (SC) resilience to drive the world toward carbon neutrality. A set of challenges was identified based on the published literature and validated using the fuzzy Delphi method. The data used were obtained from ten industry experts and were analyzed using the neutrosophic DEMATEL method for prioritization and identification of causal relationships. The expert bias and robustness of the model were evaluated via sensitivity analysis. The results show that the complexities of a global SC network pose the most important challenge. Mitigating these complexities requires robust communication, SC transparency, and collaboration among stakeholders to harness the full potential of I5.0 in achieving carbon neutrality. Professionals and managers can benefit from the prioritization of causal relationships and guidance concerning how to adopt I5.0 for long-term sustainability and resilience. The results of this study provide guidance to the stakeholders of organizations about how to embrace sustainability principles and technological advancements in assessing the feasibility of achieving carbon neutrality objectives.