Function of R2R3-Type Myeloblastosis Transcription Factors in Plants

Myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factors, particularly those in the R2R3 MYB subclass, are pivotal in plant growth, development, and environmental stress responses. As one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, the MYB family significantly regulates plant secondary metabolism, including the biosynthetic pathways for phenylpropanoids, which are crucial for stress resistance. This review presents a comprehensive overview of MYB transcription factor classification and their regulatory mechanisms in plant metabolism and stress responses. We discuss the roles of MYB transcription factors in biotic stress resistance, such as defense against pathogens and pests, and in abiotic stress tolerance, including responses to drought and salinity. Special attention is given to the interactions of R2R3 MYB with other transcription factors and co-repressors, focusing on how these interactions in synergistic or antagonistic relationships with other proteins modulate various physiological processes. The multifunctional role of R2R3 MYBs in diverse stress responses positions them as promising targets for enhancing crop resilience through genetic breeding. Furthermore, this review underscores the potential applications of MYB transcription factors in developing stress-resistant crops and highlights new insights into their utility in plant resistance breeding programs.