Integration of the Nitrogen Fertilization with Manure Influences on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis Traits in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop

Integration of nitrogen fertilizers with organic manures was found to be favorable and has shown a more sustainable way to boost the winter wheat crop's photosynthetic qualities and grain output. A spilt plot design with multi factor was adopted, wheat varieties were considered as the main factor, and secondary factor was fertilizers doses. The genotype of Zhongmai 175, and Jingdong 22 were selected for this study. In the treatments, we applied pure nitrogen as labeled with T1 (Control plot No fertilizer), T2 (100 N kg ha-1), T3 (200 N kg ha-1), T4 (300 N kg ha-1), and combined manure + nitrogen (M+N) as labeled with T5 100 MN (25% Manure + 75% Nitrogen), T6 200 MN kg ha-1 (50% M +150% N and T7 300 N kg ha-1 (75% M+ 225% N). Results revealed that the maximum values of total photosynthetic rate 68.12 m mol m-2 s-1 and chlorophyll 5.73 mg/g FW was achieved in zhongmai 175 at heading stage in contrast to jindong 22 genotype. However, jindong 22 exhibited greater intercellular CO2 1998.47 mol mol-1, photosynthetic active radiation 852.14 under T3 at tillering stage. Highest Fv/Fm noted at the heading stage, The FPSII was noted higher in T3 and T7 treatment for the Zhongmai 175 genotype. The highest QP results were obtained at the jointing and flowering stage under T3 and T7 treatments as compared to T1 treatment at the zhongmai 175 genotype in comparison to jindong 22 genotype. In jindong 22 under T7, the maximum LAI results were 5.35 (cm2) in compared to Zhongmai 175 at the booting stage. However, the highest Gs and Tr proportions were recorded in zhongmai 175 under T7 as compared to jindong 22 during the flowering stage, were 6.31 mmol H2O m-2 s-1 and 0.90 mmol H2O m-2 s-1, respectively. This study concluded that combine application of nitrogen fertilizer and manure affected photosynthesis parameters of the winter wheat genotypes. This study conveys an innovative insights into the synergistic effects of integrating nitrogen fertilization with manure, exhibiting its potential to enhance chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic efficiency, and physiological characters through various winter wheat genotypes under variable growth stages