Realization of Electronically Tunable Dual-Memelement Emulator using FTFN and OTA

The multi-memelement emulators are circuit configurations capable of realizing the functionalities of two or three memelements with minimal changes to their architectures. This approach offers significant advantages in terms of area efficiency and energy consumption. This paper presents a novel emulator that embodies these benefits. The proposed design leverages a popular and versatile classical active building block called the Four Terminal Floating Nullor (FTFN). The architecture employs a single FTFN and two transconductance stages, along with three passive elements, without requiring any switches and multipliers. By reconfiguring the impedance (Z) as a resistor (R) or capacitor (C), the circuit can emulate a flux-controlled memristor or a flux-controlled meminductor, respectively. The proposed design utilized grounded components suitable for the fabrication point of view. The design was analyzed under nonideal conditions, including the limitations of the employed building blocks and the results confirmed that the circuit retains its ideal behavior. Simulations conducted using the 180[Formula: see text]nm CMOS technology parameters validated the functionality of the proposed emulated memristor and meminductor elements. Additionally, the proposed design was verified using Commercially available Off-the-Shelf (COTS) versions of the active building blocks and the results were demonstrated. Finally, the dual-memelement emulator’s operation was further validated through its application in circuits demonstrating associative learning.