Connections between oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk Factors in cabg patients undergoing Remote ischemic preconditioning

Abstract Background Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a common treatment for advanced coronary artery disease (CAD), but it often exacerbates oxidative stress and inflammation, heightening cardiovascular risk and negatively affecting health outcomes. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), a novel intervention, offers potential cardioprotective effects by modulating oxidative and inflammatory pathways. However, the impact of RIPC on biomarkers associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, and its broader implications for cardiovascular risk, remain unclear. This study explores the influence of RIPC on key biomarkers in patients with severe CAD undergoing CABG. Methods We conducted a case-control study involving 80 severe CAD patients scheduled for CABG. Participants were divided equally into experimental (RIPC-treated) and control groups. Biomarkers — Superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), IL-1, and IL-6 — were measured via ELISA at three stages: pre-surgery (V1), immediately post-surgery (V2), and one week after surgery (V3). Results Both groups were similar at baseline. The RIPC group demonstrated significant increases in SOD-1 levels and reductions in IL-1 and IL-6 levels compared to controls at V2 and V3 (p < 0.05). These findings highlight RIPC’s ability to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation during and after CABG. Conclusion RIPC effectively enhances antioxidative defenses (SOD-1) and reduces inflammation (IL-1, IL-6), suggesting its potential to improve outcomes in CABG patients. Further investigation could establish RIPC as a valuable cardioprotective approach in clinical practice.