Ultrasonic-activated persulfate treatment for enhancing pore volume and permeability of poplar wood

This research introduces an innovative and environmentally sustainable method for improving the porosity and permeability of poplar wood through ultrasonic-activated persulfate (US/PS). The synergistic effects of ultrasonic waves and cavitation activate persulfate, leading to the generation of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals, which effectively degrade extractives that obstruct the wood's pores. This method enhances wood porosity by increasing pore volume by 40.14 % and improves permeability, as evidenced by a 33.20 % decrease in the instantaneous contact angle. Furthermore, the immersion time for water droplets is reduced to 4.2 s. Unlike conventional approaches, this technique maintains the wood's chemical structure while demonstrating superior energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. The findings underscore the potential of US/PS as a highly effective pre-treatment for wood requiring chemical modification, offering a promising pathway for addressing the growing demand in the wood industry for eco-friendly and efficient material processing technologies. • Synergic effect of US/PS system was confirmed towards improving wood porosity and permeability. • Ultrasonic cavitation activates persulfate, generating ·OH and SO 4 ·– to degrade pore-blocking extractives. • US irradiation was essential for enhancing wood porosity and permeability