Bioinputs from Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Myrtaceae): Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Assessment of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antibiofilm Activities

By-products of fruit processing may contain bioactive compounds with potential application as bioinputs. This study optimized the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds from the by-products of <i>Eugenia dysenterica</i> DC (Myrtaceae) fruit to obtain bioinputs with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities. The fruit by-products (seeds and peels) were subjected to UAE optimization using the Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. Two optimal conditions were defined: 1-plant material/solvent ratio of 0.01 g/mL, time of 40 min, and ethanol content of 30%; 2-0.19 g/mL, 39 min, and 46%. The bioinputs (liquid extract-LQE; lyophilized extract-LYE), obtained under the optimal conditions, were tested for antioxidant activity (ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH). LQE: 1633.13 µM Trolox/g, 1633.60 µM FeSO₄/g and 73.35 g sample/g DPPH; LYE: 1379.75 µM Trolox/g, 1692.09 µM FeSO₄/g and 83.35 g sample/g DPPH. For antimicrobial activity, both extracts presented MBC < 62.5 mg/mL and MIC and MBC of 2.5 mg/mL for <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. LQE presented antibiofilm action for <i>S. coagulase</i> (50 mg/mL) and <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (12.5 mg/mL); LYE for <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (50 mg/mL; 12.5 mg/mL), <i>E. coli</i> (25 mg/mL). The bioinputs obtained by UAE under optimized conditions for phenolic compounds present antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities.