Laser-Induced Spatially Controlled Microbubble Formation in Trithiocyanuric Acid-Based Capsules Modified with Gold Nanoparticles

Microbubbles have numerous applications in fields such as drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, and localized therapies. In this study, we propose a method for generating microbubbles with controlled size, confined by the dimensions of a hollow shell. The hollow capsules were fabricated from trithiocyanuric acid and further modified with gold nanoparticles to enhance their photothermal properties. We demonstrate that irradiation with a near-infrared laser can induce the formation of microbubbles within these capsules. The bubbles remain spatially confined by the shell and stable for the duration of the laser operation. This approach offers a versatile platform for applications requiring targeted control of microbubble formation and heat generation in biomedical and microfluidic systems.