Monodora Myristica Seed Extract Mitigates Lead Acetate Induced Hepatic and Testicular Injury in Male Wistar Rats

Monodora myristica (MMS), a tropical botanical species classified within the Annonaceae family, is extensively utilized as a condiment in the culinary preparation of various African cuisines to amplify flavour. The current study aims to investigate the mechanism by which MMS protect the liver and testicular tissues from the damage caused by lead acetate (PbAc). For this study, 36 male Wistar rats weighing 180–200 g each were employed and were grouped into six groups of 6 rats each. Group 1; was given distilled water, Group 2; PbAc (15 mg/kg) was given, Group 3 and 4; MMS (200 and 400 mg/kg) were administered; Group 5; PbAc (15 mg/kg) and MMS (200 mg/kg) were given; Group 6; PbAc (15 mg/kg) and MMS (400 mg/kg) were administered. While the right testis was obtained for antioxidant tests, the liver and left testis were removed for histopathological analysis. In the group treated with varying doses of MMS alongside lead acetate, liver enzyme levels—specifically ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), and ALP (alkaline phosphatase)—were significantly lower compared to those in the group exposed only to lead acetate (P < 0.05). This combined treatment resulted in a significant reduction in malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05) while enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes like catalase and SOD (superoxide dismutase). These findings indicate that MMS offers protective and restorative function against damage caused by lead acetate exposure to both the liver and testicles through elevation of antioxidant enzymes.