IWOA-PTS: An improved whale optimization algorithm-based PTS technique for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems

The ordinary partial transmission sequence (OPTS) technique is known as an inherent and accurate peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction scheme in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). However, it suffers from a major drawback, an exponentially increasing complexity, mainly caused by the exhaustive search for the ideal set of phase factors that effectively reduces PAPR. This work proposes a new PTS scheme based on an improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) to search for an appropriate combination of phase factors that mitigates PAPR with much lower complexity. The particular hunting behavior of humpback whales is mimicked, and its mathematical model is used in the PTS technique. The modified mutualism phase in the algorithm balances its exploration-exploitation capabilities, ensuring convergence to the best global solution and avoiding less efficient solutions. The simulation results confirm the superiority of IWOA-PTS in terms of computational load and PAPR reduction