“I Know What I Have to Do, but I Don’t Do It”: The Relationship Between Knowledge and Adherence to Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings

<b>Objective:</b> This study aims to analyze the correlation between healthcare professionals' knowledge of hand hygiene protocols and their actual adherence to these practices. Specifically, we investigate whether higher knowledge levels correspond to better compliance, and we examine potential influencing factors such as professional role, gender, and prior training in infection control. <b>Methods:</b> A non-probabilistic, convenience sample was composed of 51 healthcare professionals working in patient care. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire to assess knowledge and direct observation to assess adherence to hand hygiene. <b>Results:</b> The results indicate a satisfactory level of knowledge among healthcare professionals. No statistically significant differences were observed between different professional groups regarding knowledge and adherence to hand hygiene. The average adherence rate to hand hygiene was 60.13%. No statistically significant relationship was found between healthcare professionals' knowledge and their adherence to hand hygiene. Statistically significant differences were only found between males and females regarding the adherence rate to hand hygiene, with males showing higher adherence. <b>Conclusions:</b> Although healthcare professionals demonstrate satisfactory knowledge about hand hygiene, adherence to the practice still shows variability. Therefore, implementing continuous training programs and developing institutional policies may contribute to improving hand hygiene practices, thereby reducing the incidence of healthcare-associated infections.