Exploring compact anisotropic stars in f(R) gravity within Karmarkar–Tolman space–time framework

In this paper, we aim to investigate several anisotropic spherical distributions of celestial bodies in the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity, where [Formula: see text] is known as Ricci scalar. By using the Karmarkar–Tolman space–time and two different mathematical gravity models, we investigate the characteristics of particular compact objects. The structural parameter behavior is assessed using the graphic methods. We then examine energy constraints to determine how well our results fit into the Karmarkar–Tolman space–time model. In the framework of stellar structure modeling, we evaluated the behavior of material variables, energy conditions, equations of state parameters, anisotropy measurements, and the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation for different values of the curvature term. We presented graphical representations of compact star configurations. We accomplished this by making use of well-known [Formula: see text] models of gravity, and we presented the results graphically in order to reinforce the veracity and stability of the stars.