Humans as Caliphs on Earth Environmental Responsibility in Islamic Perspective

Human beings as caliphs (vicegerents) on earth is a concept derived from Islamic teachings. "Caliph" literally means "successor" or "representative." In this context, humans are seen as God's representatives on earth, entrusted with the responsibility to protect, care for, and wisely utilize natural resources and other living beings. As caliphs, humans have a moral and ethical responsibility to maintain ecosystem balance, preserve the environment, and sustainably manage natural resources. This includes protecting biodiversity, maintaining environmental cleanliness, and using natural resources responsibly for the common good and for future generations. This study uses a literature review (library research) method to explore and analyze the concept of caliphate in Islamic literature and its application in the context of environmental responsibility. The sources include the Qur'an, hadiths, and scholarly works related to ecology and environmental ethics from an Islamic perspective. In Islam, humans are given the freedom to use and benefit from everything on earth. However, this freedom must be exercised with full responsibility and awareness of its impact on nature and other living beings. Awareness of their role as caliphs also encourages moral and spiritual development, as humans are expected to act justly, wisely, and with full responsibility in carrying out this role. By understanding themselves as caliphs on earth, humans are expected to create harmony between personal interests, social interests, and environmental sustainability, thus achieving balance and continuity of life on this planet.