Assessment of the influence of production factors on the condition of the internal organs of model animals in a 180-day experiment

The assessment of the influence of occupational factors on the state of internal organs in model conditions is becoming increasingly relevant to establish the initial manifestations of pathology at the stage of examination of the connection between the disease and the occupation of workers in harmful production conditions. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of occupational factors (at the level of 1.5 MPC, MPD) on the state of internal organs in Wistar rats under model conditions of a 180-day experiment, depending on the type and duration of their exposure. Materials and methods. In assessing the 180-day dynamics (from 0 days – 6 months (background) to 60–120–180 days – 8–10–12 months) of the impact of production factors on the morphological state of tissues and organs of Wistar rats, generally accepted and unified methods were used. Animals (n = 72) of both sexes were distributed in equal numbers (18 individuals each) into the comparison group (not exposed to production factors) and 3 experimental groups (exposure to vibration, noise, chemical exposure). Additionally, 10 individuals who were sacrificed on day 0 – 6 months (background) were allocated to the comparison group for background analysis. Every 60 days (in 180-day dynamics) after exposure to production factors, animals were euthanized with chloroform (3 ml of chloroform was injected into the desiccator with a syringe and the time from the moment of administration to the moment of onset of narcotic sleep was noted, the procedure was repeated with 5 and 10 ml of chloroform), and necropsied with organ extraction for histopathological studies. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results and discussion. In a chronic experiment, initial pathomorphological signs of damage in 2 or more organs were established on the 60 th day of exposure to production factors, and a large degree of organ tissue damage in rats was noted from the effects of chemical and physical factors (general vibration) on the 180 th day of the experiment, unlike the comparison group. Conclusions. Based on the conducted experiment on the impact of production factors (at the level of 1.5 maximum permissible concentration and maximum permissible level) on the state of the internal organs of experimental animals, it can be concluded that they develop morphofunctional disorders in 2 or more organs (biomarker of accelerated aging) on the 180th day of the experiment (with initial manifestations on the 60 th and 120 th days), which can provoke accelerated aging of the biological systems of animals and humans, and negatively affect their life expectancy.