Lactobacillus acidophilus TW01 Mitigates PM2.5-Induced Lung Injury and Improves Gut Health in Mice

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) causes significant respiratory and gastrointestinal health problems. In our prior research, we identified <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> TW01 as a promising strain for mitigating oxidative damage, enhancing wound healing in intestinal epithelial cells, and protecting bronchial cells from cigarette smoke extract. Building upon these findings, this study examines the protective effects of this strain on lung damage induced by particulate matter (PM) through the gut-lung axis in mouse models. <b>Methods</b>: This study evaluated the protective effects of <i>L. acidophilus</i> TW01 against PM_2.5-induced lung injury using two in vivo mouse models (OVA sensitization combined with PM_2.5 exposure and DSS-induced colitis). <b>Results</b>: <i>L. acidophilus</i> TW01 exhibited significant protective effects in two in-vivo models, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-5), modulating the immune response (IgG subtypes), and improving gut barrier integrity. Importantly, <i>L. acidophilus</i> TW01 increased the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria (<i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i>). <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings highlight the significant protective/therapeutic potential of <i>L. acidophilus</i> TW01 in mitigating the adverse health effects of PM_2.5 exposure, emphasizing the interplay between the gut and lung microbiomes in overall health. The multi-faceted protective effects of this probiotic suggest a novel, multi-pronged therapeutic strategy for addressing the widespread health consequences of air pollution.