Therapeutic Apheresis in Early-Onset Preeclampsia: Literature Review

Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder that manifests after 20 weeks’ gestation. It is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Approximately 25% of early-onset preeclampsia cases are severe, and 85% of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia develop multiple organ failure. Stillbirth and early neonatal mortality in women with early-onset preeclampsia are 3%-5% higher than those in cases of late-onset preeclampsia. Birth asphyxia is diagnosed in 100% of newborns. Invasive respiratory support is required in 80% of cases. Every fourth newborn has cardiovascular and central nervous system issues. The analyzed literature demonstrated a possibility of pregnancy prolongation in early-onset preeclampsia using different therapeutic apheresis techniques, which can reduce negative consequences for newborns and mothers.