Two-way momentum and thermal coupling particle-laden compressible turbulent boundary layers

This paper employs direct numerical simulations at Mach 2 to reveal how particles with infinite thermal inertia, acting as persistent heat sinks or sources, drastically alter turbulence statistics and coherent structures. Hot particles suppress turbulence by weakening velocity streaks and vortical motions, whereas cold particles amplify Reynolds shear stress and skin friction. Crucially, particle feedback forces inhibit wall-normal fluctuations, with heat transfer aligning coherently with ejection and sweeping events.