Assessment of palliative care needs among elderly population in a slum of Kolkata: a qualitative study

Background: Palliative care improves the quality of life for patients and families facing life-threatening illnesses. With the growing burden of non-communicable diseases and an aging population, the global demand for palliative care is rising. This study was conducted to identify individuals needing palliative care and explore their needs and unmet needs among the urban elderly in Kolkata. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted from May 2019 to April 2020 among elderly residents (60 years and above) in selected slums of ‘Khalpar-basti’, Rajdanga, Kasba, South Kolkata, West Bengal. Four focus group discussions (FGDs) were held on different dates: two with elderly patients (one with males and one with females) and two with informal caregivers of elderly patients (one with males and one with females) using an FGD guide until data saturation was reached. Data was transcribed, coded, and analysed using a thematic map. Results: The current study identified themes from FGDs with elderly females, including unmet physical, psychological, communication, spiritual, and existential needs, along with gaps in care and support. Similarly, FGDs with elderly males highlighted unmet physical, informational, psychological, spiritual, social, emotional, and practical needs, as well as care gaps. FGDs among caregivers revealed unmet communication, psychosocial, and practical needs among the elderly. Conclusions: This holistic approach encompassing physical, psychological, social, emotional, practical, and informational domains of palliative care is essential for improving the quality of life in the geriatric population.