Integrative Predictive Analytics: A Multi-Algorithm Approach to Simultaneous Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis

Diabetes has grown to a pandemic proportion worldwide; using the most recent statistics available in 2021, it was found that 537 million people suffer from diabetes, with the number continuing to grow. This chronic health disease appears if the body either cannot produce sufficient insulin or is unable to use it correctly and safely. Symptoms may include increased thirst, urination, tiredness, and blurred vision. The major causes of diabetes revolve around the central issues of dietary habits and lack of physical activity, though it can be genetic too. Complications involving damage to kidney function, amputation, and even blindness are potential consequences. Diabetic complications in the eye manifest through the pathological condition called diabetic retinopathy. The symptoms include, but are not limited to, blurred vision and dark spots in the visual field; diabetic retinopathy can further cause night blindness.