Comparative Finite Element Study of Titanium and CFR PEEK HAp Composite Dental Implants

Dental implant success is crucial for patient wellbeing, yet implant loosening remains a significant concern, particularly in compromised bone quality. This study aims to address this issue by evaluating the performance of various implant materials across different bone qualities. We compare traditional titanium implants with carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) and CFR-PEEK reinforced with varying concentrations of hydroxyapatite (HAP). A threedimensional finite element model of a mandibular segment was employed to simulate implant behavior in bone qualities ranging from very weak to very strong. Stress distribution, strain, and interface characteristics were analyzed for each implant material and bone quality combination. Results showed that CFR-PEEK exhibited the most dynamic behavior, with a $\mathbf{1 0. 1 4 \%}$ stress reduction in cancellous bone from very weak to very strong bone quality. Titanium maintained a consistent 70$\mathbf{3 0 \%}$ implant-bone stress distribution across all bone qualities. In very strong bone, all materials except titanium induced similar cancellous bone strains. CFR-PEEK with 20% HAP emerged as a balanced option, offering a moderate $6.94 \%$ stress reduction across bone qualities. In conclusion, while CFRPEEK demonstrates advantages in stress distribution and bone stimulation, particularly in higher quality bone, titanium provides more consistent performance across varying bone qualities. The optimal implant material may depend on patientspecific bone quality, with CFR-PEEK $\mathbf{+ 2 0 \%}$ HAP offering a promising balance for diverse clinical scenarios.